The Growth Development And Industrial Policy Economics Essay

The Growth Development And Industrial Policy Economics Essay 1. Financial development is the expansion of per capita total national output (GDP) or other proportion of total pay, normally revealed as the yearly pace of progress in genuine GDP. Financial development is essentially determined by upgrades in profitability, which includes creating more products and ventures with similar contributions of work, capital, vitality and materials. Financial analysts draw a differentiation between transient monetary adjustment and long haul monetary development. The subject of monetary development is principally worried about the since quite a while ago run. The short-run variety of monetary development is named the business cycle. The pace of monetary development is estimated by the rate increment in yield over a year time frame. Governments plan to accomplish elevated levels of stable financial development over the long haul maintaining a strategic distance from occurances, for example, downturns and times of unreasonable transient development which can't be continued. The circumstance in Britain, and all through a huge segment of the world right now, is a genuine case of how stable development was not kept up. By not maintaing a steady degree of total interest, vacillations will happen, moving the roundabout progression of salary from a condition of equilibirum to a condition of disequilibrium this is a characteristic occurance inside an economy, as an ascent in total interest shows Economic Growth and the other way around. Joblessness will likewise fall corresponding to development, swelling rates are probably going to ascend, with the hole among fares and imports narrowing as purchaser interest for more affordable forgein created items increments and interest for locally delivered products diminishes. Advantages of Growth: Expanded degrees of utilization Shirking of macroeconomic issues Redistribution of pay to poor people More noteworthy cultural consideration for the earth In principle Growth should make individuals more joyful as pay will be all the more equally disseminated, which means everybody has more cash to spend, improving personal satisfaction the drawback is this may not really occur, and nothing unless there are other options upgrades may really happen. Expenses of Growth Opportunity cost of development Development may essentially produce additional interest Social impacts and Enviornmental costs Lack of Non-Renewable assets non-renewable energy sources and minerals for example Conveyance of Income rich get more extravagant, poor get more unfortunate? Changes underway individuals with essential aptitudes may discover they are not, at this point required, so moving forward without any more instruction of preparing my not, at this point be employable. Should nations seek after their objectives of monetary development? This is a choice to be made corresponding to the advantages and costs included, for example every nations circumstance will be unique and their can be no difinitive yes or no answer. Financial advancement in its least complex structure is the production of monetary riches for all residents inside the different layers of society so all individuals approach possible expanded personal satisfaction. Employment creation, financial yield and increment in available premise are the most widely recognized estimation devices. Auxiliary change, improving the quality and profitability of assets and improving the way of life of a countries populace, through supported development from a straightforward, low-salary economy to a cutting edge, high-pay economy, are desireable objectives for any administration to attempt to accomplish. Improving personal satisfaction thusly identifies with improving financial advancement would be upgraded, including the procedure and strategies by which a country improves the monetary, political, and social prosperity of its kin. 2. Open approach for the most part focuses on persistent and supported financial development and extension of national economies so creating nations become created nations. The monetary advancement process guesses that lawful and institutional modifications are made to give motivations for development and for speculations in order to build up an effective creation and dispersion framework for products and ventures. http://schumpeter2006.org/blog/2006/12/20/meaning of-monetary turn of events/ Corresponding to creating nations, Economic Development can be deciphered in both a positive and negative way. For instance, the legislature of Sri Lanka has been consistant in their endeavors to push the nation towards monetary improvement since the 1970s. A wide range of approaches have been taken, yet a typical topic of free market standards and structutal change have been fruitful in saving the designs for development and advancement on target. Obviously, there have been vacillations these are major for any nation, not to mention those in the creating scene, seeking after such objectives. Set backs, for example, political weights, including common war and forgein venture, just as a monstrous dry spell, have been gigantically powerful in the way of the nations progress. Be that as it may, because of tirelessness and a defining reasonable momentary objectives, the progressive governments have been blessed to see positive turns of events, particularly since 2002 when a truce was mar ked between the legislature and extremist gatherings and the dry spell which has hampered improvement finished, permitting dependable force sources to be reestablished and the horticultural business to bring down their costs. Working related to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) more targets were set for the 2003-2006 timespan. Alongside the new laws which were presented, concerning territories, for example, duty and government assistance change, just as speculation deregulation, the nation trust is to build up enduring harmony through help, recovery and reproduction. The changes saw over this timeframe show away from of the negative and positive sides of development and advancement, for instance, the social impacts showed through the cival agitation and the ecological expenses made by the dry spells. On a progressively positive note, it very well may be seen the appropriation of riches is getting all the more even because of the changes incited in 2003. A degree of social insurance is accommodated free midwifey care is one such help now accessible, albeit numerous others, for example, blood transfusions are still over the top expensive. The administration plan to impact and change this with their proceeded with activity through various key approaches: 1) reestablishing monetary maintainability, including raising incomes by 21/2% of GDP; 2) executing auxiliary changes basically including deregulation and privatization; 3) making open doors for the poor to share all the more completely in the advantages of financial development through enhancements in foundation and instruction; and 4) accumulating assets for remaking, including however giver help and government ventures. In the same way as other industrialized countries of the West, the United Kingdom has tried to consolidate consistent monetary development with a significant level of business, expanded profitability, and proceeding with progress in expectations for everyday comforts. Achievement of these essential destinations, in any case, has been obstructed since World War II by intermittent shortfalls to be determined of installments and by extreme inflationary weights. Accordingly, financial arrangement has mostly must be coordinated toward amending these two basic shortcomings in the economy The Conservative government chose in 1979 looked to decrease the job of government in the economy by improving motivating forces, evacuating controls, lessening charges, directing the cash gracefully, and privatizing a few huge state-possessed organizations. This approach was proceeded by succeeding Conservative governments into the 1990s. The appointment of a Labor government in 1997 didn't switch this pattern. For sure, privatization is presently generally acknowledged by a large portion of the Labor Party (except for the waning quantities of the wing of the gathering with solid connections to worker's guilds). The most significant issue confronting Britain in the mid 2000s was participation in the European Monetary Union (EMU). Work Prime Minister Tony Blair chose to quit EMU at its initiation in 1998 and has guaranteed a submission on British participation. The resistance Conservatives restrict relinquishing the pound and have the help of a dominant part of the British populace on the issue. In June 2003, the chancellor of the exchequer expressed that Britain was not yet prepared to enter the euro zone, which made a submission in the momentum parliament far-fetched, in any event until another legislature would be situated in 2005. The administration in 2003 gave its consideration on the local front to improving such open administrations as wellbeing, training, and transportation. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/United-Kingdom-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT.html Mechanical Policy Mechanical arrangement is an administration financed program that supports the general population and private area to make new innovation which in time prompts monetary development. This new innovation can be utilized to make new ventures inside the given nation which in time can prompt more noteworthy degrees of work. It can likewise be utilized to spare an industry that might be obsolete or falling flat. The administration run these projects from multiple points of view. One way they can do it is by financing a private association to do the examination. This subsidizing can be through tax reductions or the association could be an immediate auxiliary to the administration. The projects could likewise be government run; this has less of a preferred position as private associations are for the most part in a superior situation to do this examination. Accomplishes it work? Its not simply settled monetary nations that have modern strategy either and it very well may be similarly as though not progressively significant for recently framed mechanical nations too. This is because of the assets required for financial development, which toward the beginning can be simple for a nation to do. As it gets greater it requires an ever increasing number of assets so as to keep up this development and without fitting speculation this would not be conceivable. The Korean government did this by offering budgetary motivations and diminished expense to associations setting up in the nation, while this has functioned admirably for them as a dev

The King of Pop- Michael Jackson free essay sample

You state you comprehend Michael Jackson. Perhaps you don't just as you might suspect you do. As a youngster, Michael was constrained into the music profession by his dad into the Jackson Five and constrained out of his youth. He would be self-taught and afterward after that he would not watch the TV or go outside with different children, yet go to rehearse for a considerable length of time until he hit the hay. There practically speaking his father would sit and when one of five young men would commit a little error, they would be smacked. At that point Michael in immaturity would be prodded about his huge nose and he had horrendous skin break out. Individuals didn't care for the developed Jackson. He started to feel humiliated and awkward with his new look. He left The Jacksons and made his first collection silly. At that point he was not known as simply the charming artist for The Jackson Five however him self, Michael Jackson. We will compose a custom exposition test on The King of Pop-Michael Jackson or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He made a few incredible melodies and afterward fell face initial one a phase and broke his nose and had a nose work preformed to get it fixed. He likewise later on had another nose employment to have the option to hit high notes while singing. At that point in 1982, he sold the greatest selling collection, Thriller. He was then known, with his right away recognizable voice, astounding move moves and his closet. The red calfskin coat with all the insane zippers, the white shimmer glove, and the socks. The collection had numerous incredible tunes that demonstrated his extraordinary ability, for example, Billy Jean, Thriller, â€Å"Beat it† thus some more. With his recordings, Michael broke the shading boundary by having his recordings played on MTV. At that point on May 16, 1983, he fixed his ability by playing out the â€Å"moonwalkâ€Å". The move became as much as a signature as his white glove or his vocal hiccups. At that point he came out with the anthemia tune We Are the World for the top pick starvation aid venture USA for Africa. 1987 Bad was discharged; with much expectation, the fans were not anticipating that the collection should be any less incredible than Thriller in spite of the fact that it was. 1991 Dangerous was discharge and Black or White shot up to the highest point of the diagrams. 1995 HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book 1 came out. It was to be of all his extraordinary tunes however the collection never made it that well since everybody previously had those hits. 2001 Invincible was discharged. In any case, this entire time making music, Michael was experiencing some issue with his picture and the press. He was an unusual man who never had a youth and was never cherished as a kid by his family. He purchased Neverland Ranch witch was loaded up with beguilement rides and pets, for example, Bubbles the chimp. He encircle himself with kids and welcomed them to come to Neverland Ranch. Michael would even let the kids lay down with him, since they required love. He would take care of them and put some music on, even give them warm milk. This was not a decent picture to make in spite of the fact that it was innocuous the press and world didn't consider it to be him simply demonstrating the youngsters that they are adored however more than that. Michael had this notoriety with him for a mind-blowing remainder until his dieing day. Nobody will really comprehend the man totally, yet ideally now the world can take a gander at him for all the incredible vital things he did and not the little missteps he made. 2009 we lost a legend, a symbol, and a ruler. We lost Michael Jackson.

The Death of the 9-to-5 Why Well All Work Flex Schedules Soon

The Death of the 9-to-5 Why Well All Work Flex Schedules Soon For the last two years, my friend Mike has worked as a content writer for a digital advertising agency. There is something about Mike’s job that I admire. Despite being employed full time, Mike’s job is not your ordinary job. Since Mike can do and submit his work from anywhere, there is no need for him to go to the office.Mike works from his home office. He sets his own schedule, which allows him to work whenever he needs and take a break when he wants. Instead of tracking his time, the agency assigns Mike projects to work on and deadlines for the submission of these projects.Provided the projects are delivered on time, the agency doesn’t care when or where he works from. The agency holds a team meeting every Wednesday, which is the only day Mike is expected to show up at the office.Mike’s job sounds like the dream job everyone would wish to have. However, this kind of working schedule is becoming more of a reality than a dream. The proliferation of technology in the workplac e and the increasing number of millennials in the workforce have laid the groundwork for the shift from the traditional 9to5 working schedule to a more fluid and flexible working schedule that allows employees to choose their own working hours.As more and more millennials join the workforce, the 9to5 will continue losing its position as the dominant working model. Some HR experts have even predicted that the 9to5 model might become completely obsolete by 2030, when millennials will make up the largest portion of the workforce.The traditional 9to5 workday is already on its deathbed. A research carried out by CareerBuilder found that 73% of workers in Washington DC believe that the 9to5 model has no place in the future. This view is not restricted to workers in DC.The same research found out that the same view is held by 68% of workers in Los Angeles and Boston and 66% of workers in New York. Overall, 61% of workers believe that the traditional 9to5 workday is outdated.Another study b y Bentley University found that 77% of millennials believe that people their age will be more productive at workplaces that support flexible hours. According to this research by the Griffith Insurance Education Foundation, millennials are even willing to sacrifice some pay in order to get flexible working schedules.WHY THE TRADITIONAL 9 TO 5 MODEL IS DYING The 9to5 model came as a solution to the oppressive working environments of the 19th century. Following the industrial revolution, there were no laws to regulate the number of hours employers required of their employees. Hellish 16hour work days were pretty commonplace. Noticing the unsustainability of this system, a Welsh social reformer by the name Robert Owen started campaigning for the 8 hour work day.Owen proposed that the 24 hours in a day should be divided equally between working, resting and recreation. The 8 hour 5 day work week was popularized by Henry Ford, who was among the first people to implement the 8 hour model in his company in 1914. The 8 hour work week was a success for Henry Ford, thereby prompting other companies to follow suit. In 1938, the government caught up and passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which made the 40 hour work week standard and required workers to be paid overtime if they exceeded 40 hours at work every week.The success of the 8 hour workday seemed to be the start of a trend that would see continued reduction in working hours. Economist John Maynard Keynes even predicted that people would be working 15 hours a week by the turn of the 21st century, thanks to technological advancement. While the technology has greatly advanced since the days of John Maynard Keynes, his predictions of reduced working hours did not come true. The 40 hour work week has remained standard. But is this model the best one for today’s workplace?If employee behavior and attitudes are anything to go by, the 9to5 model is not very effective. Most employees hate it, which is ironic considering t hat this model was introduced to protect employees from exploitation. If you listen around the office or look at social media, you will find enough evidence that no one likes the 9to5.Monday blues is a thing. Employees are always looking forward to the weekend.Every worker knows the meaning of and identifies with TGIF. Clearly, the 9to5 model is not doing its job. More specifically, below are some reasons why the 9to5 model is on its deathbed:TechnologyTechnology is one of the major factors dealing death blows to the 9to5 workday. Technology is changing the game in two ways. First, advances in technology have allowed workers to work from anywhere, at any time. In the days of Owen, Ford and Keynes when the 9to5 model was introduced, most workers performed manual labor, which meant physical presence was necessary for them to do their job.Today, technology has changed this. With a laptop, a tablet or a smartphone and an internet connection, workers can access their mail and do work rel ated tasks from anywhere. According to a survey by Pew Research Center, roughly 77% of Americans owned a smartphone, while nearly three quarters of adults in the US owned a desktop or laptop computer at home by the end of 2017. 80% of adults in the US also have access to broadband at home.Such a high penetration of informational devices and broadband internet means that most workers can still be productive without having to be in the office every time. In fact, a poll by Gallup found that 43% of workers have spent some time working outside the office.Second, technology has also extended working hours beyond the office. Mobile devices like smartphones and tablets have blurred the lines between working hours and personal time. A survey found that four in five UK office workers check their work emails beyond office hours, with a third doing this even before they leave bed in the morning.Another white paper noted that professionals who use smartphones for work may end up interacting wit h work for up to 13.5 hours each day, or 72 hours a week (including weekends). In such an environment where people have access to work beyond office hours, quantifying the number of hours a person has worked can be a challenge, which makes it archaic to stipulate a number of “fixed hours” when people are supposed be working in the office.Demand For A Work-Life BalanceIn the past, it was normal for people to give up all of their personal life to focus on work, with the hope that they would make enough to allow them enjoy life after retirement.This is an outdated model, at least for millennials, who are set to make up majority of the workforce in less than ten years. Millennials care about their work-life balance.They want jobs that allow them to spend time with their loved ones and pursue other interests outside work. For them, the traditional 9to5 just doesn’t cut it. Instead of planning their lives around their work, they want jobs that will allow them to plan their work arou nd their lives. They don’t care about answering emails and working on a work project at home on Saturday if it means they will have more time to spend with their kids over the course of the week.Flexibility and a good work-life balance are so important that this Deloitte survey found that millennials care more about flexibility than pay, while this report by the US Chamber of Commerce found that 75% of millennials claim that a good work-life balance is the key consideration before taking up a new job.Rise Of The Gig EconomyA few decades ago, the only way to earn an income was to get employed or start a business. The rise of the internet has brought about a new model where people can earn an income as freelancers and contractors, creating what has come to be known as the gig economy.Today, working for yourself is a lot of easier and less risky. There are several freelancing websites that allow professionals to find clients looking for their specific talents. Freelancing has one key advantage that has made it an attractive model.Freelancers have total control over their jobs. They have the freedom to choose when to work, where to work from and the projects they want to work on.At a time when people can earn more and at the same time enjoy flexible schedules working for themselves, businesses have realized that offering flexibility is a key strategy to attracting talent.The Disappearing Corporate OfficeWe have already seen that technology advancement has made it possible for workers to remain productive without having to be physically present in the office. With globalization, companies are serving customers from all over the world and employing workers from all over the world. Meetings are taking place in virtual boardrooms, across time and geographical zones.All this is diminishing the importance of having a physical office. Why have an office when all your employees are from different countries and will never set foot in the office? And if businesses no long er need a physical office, is it really logical to have concrete office hours?Financial IncentivesDoing away with the 9to5 also has several financial incentives. Working from home translates into financial savings for employees. They spend less on commuting, professional attire and dry cleaning, lunch, and so on.According to mint.com, working from home can result in savings of up to $10,000 per year. The financial incentives of flexible schedules are not restricted to employees alone.With flexible schedules, employees can share some office equipment like desks and computers, which means less money spent on equipment and office space. For instance, a global accounting firm was able to save over $1 million annually by allowing its employees to occasionally work from home. Allowing employees to telecommute also saves businesses the costs of relocating employees.Finally, a flexible schedule makes employees more productive, which is good for the company’s bottom line. A research by Sta nford professor Nicholas Bloom found that telecommuting saves companies an average of $1,900 per employee. Without the need to physically commute to work and the distractions of the office environment, employees who work from home complete more calls and increase their productivity by 13%.Education NeedsMillennials expect more than a salary from their employers. They also expect to invest in their training and development. A research by The Hartford found that 50% of millennials want their employers to provide training and development.This means attending classes, workshops and seminars. Attending some of these classes, workshops and seminars might be impossible if the employee is required to be at the office from 9to5, creating the need for flexible schedules that allow employees to continue with their training and development without interfering with their performance at work.Culture And CompetitionGlobalization has turned the world a global village where businesses in one end of the world serve customers in another end of the world, with huge time differences between the business and its customers.The internet, on the other hand, has taught customers to expect services on-demand.This means that customers from another part of the world can reach out to your business after office hours, and they expect the business to get back to them immediately.Expecting customers to wait till the next day is akin to driving them to competitors. This has forced businesses to rethink the whole 9to5 philosophy in favor of more fluid schedules where the business is available to customers even outside conventional office hours.The Changing Nature Of WorkRemember, the 9 to 5 was introduced at a time when much of the work done by employees was manual. If 20 employees assembled one car on average in 8 hours, Ford knew that if the 20 employees clocked 20 hours each day, there would be a complete car at the end of each day. Today, the nature of work has changed greatly.Work has beco me more of a cognitive activity than a manual activity, which means that tracking productivity has become a lot more challenging. An employee can spend 8 hours at the office and achieve very little. Today, keeping track of time spent at the office is a very poor measure of productivity.The fact that most work requires cognitive skills also means that people need to be alert and focused when working. Unfortunately, the 9 to 5 model does not take stock of the fact that different people are most alert at different times of the day. Whereas some people are morning larks who are more productive in the morning, others are night owls who are most productive at night.Bundling them all within the same working hours means you are going to be getting less-than-optimal productivity from some of your workers. Shifting to a more flexible schedule would allow employees to work when they are most alert and focused, which would lead to an increase in productivity.HOW TO MAKE FLEX SCHEDULES WORK FOR YOUR ORGANIZATIONFrom the points discussed above, it is clear that the death of the 9 to 5 is a matter of when, not if. Flex schedules are the future. With the percentage of millennials â€" who value flexibility even more than pay â€" in the workforce increasing rapidly, flex schedules will move from being a feel-good trend to a necessity that has a significant effect on an organization’s bottom line.A report by Gallup shows that 43% of Americans have spent at least some time working from home, while another survey anticipates that 50% of workers will be spending some time working remotely by 2020. 76% of US workers also said they prefer doing important tasks outside the office. These numbers are definitely going to increase in the near future, which means that organizations should incorporating flex schedules. Question is, how do organizations ensure that flex schedules work for them?Below are some tips on how to make flex schedules work:Develop some rules and common practices: F lex rules does not mean that rules should be thrown out of the window. Creating some rules and common practices will make things run smoothly. For instance, organizations can implement core hours, where employees are expected to be in the office at certain times, say from 11 AM to 3 PM. Employees can arrive earlier than 9 AM or leave after 5 PM, provided that they clock their 8 hours and that they are in the office between 11 AM and 3 PM. If employees are allowed to work from home, you can also set rules to guide how this happens. For instance, each employee might be allowed to work from home two times a week. Alternatively, you can have employees work entirely from home but schedule one day each week where every employee is supposed to come to the office. Having times when everyone is in the office is important since it allows employees to collaborate on projects that need the inputs of different teams.Get everyone involved in the change process: Like any other change in an organiz ation, developing and implementing a flex schedule is more likely to succeed if employees are involved in the process, instead of having it imposed on them. Involving employees in the process makes them invested in the change and ensures that their needs are considered. Imposing something on employees without consulting them can end up robbing them of the flexibility you were trying to provide in the first place.Determine metrics to measure productivity: Allowing employees to work remotely means that they will be working without supervision. Some lazy employees might decide to spend the day watching movies on Netflix instead of actually working. To avoid this, you need to determine the metrics that will show you that work is actually being done. Set specific and action oriented goals for employees and give them deadlines. You can then look at these metrics at the end of each work period (say at the end of each week) to determine whether an employee is actually performing his or her duties.Agree on frequency and preferred modes of communication: Before you start offering flex schedules, determine how you will be getting in contact with employees, the required frequency of communication and the preferred mode of communication. For instance, some employers might expect telecommuting employees to submit a report at the beginning of the week detailing what the employee did over the previous week. Others might require employees to come to the office for a face to face meeting, while others might be satisfied with a phone call. Being clear on the frequency and preferred mode of communication will prevent frictions once employees start utilizing their flex schedules.Use technology to ensure connectivity: Before you implement a flex schedule, you also need to ensure that all the technology required for remote working are in place. Ensure that employees have laptops, smartphones and internet access, and ensure that business systems are configured for remote access. You don’t want an employee claiming that they cannot access the system when they urgently need to do something on the system.WRAPPING UPFrom the industrial revolution to date, the 9 to 5 workday has been the dominant model for managing employees.However, the changes in the nature of today’s work have posed threat to the validity of this model. The shift from the 9 to 5 model to more flexible schedules has already began, and with more millennials set to enter the workforce, it is inevitable that the 9 to 5 model won’t make it to the next century.It is already clear that the rigid hours of the 9 to 5 model have a lot of limitations and do not work for everyone. Unless your organization is providing a service that requires employees to be physically present at the office between these hours, it might be a wise decision to start thinking of implementing flex schedules.

Pursuit Of Unhappiness. A Dream That Can Never Be Fully

Pursuit of Unhappiness A Dream that can never be fully attained, yet a country is built off the hope it inspires. The American Dream is a battle that can never be won. This concept is emphasised by both ends of the spectrum. On one end, Jay Gatsby, a wealthy man who has been praised for his accomplishment suffers from the lack of love and the willingness to move forward. On the other end, Walter Younger, a poor man without meaning in his life, is surrounded by unconditional love and determination for the future. Due to the flaws of Jay Gatsby and Walter Younger in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, they are unable to achieve the entirety of the American Dream. Both successfully acquire parts of the†¦show more content†¦Walter passionately responds with â€Å"Because it is life, Mama!† (Hansberry 74). Demonstrating his close mindedness, Walter displays the weakness that prevents complete satisfaction by assuming materialism directly corre lates with success. Washington points out that, â€Å"What Walter dreams of and aggressively pursues is the power that money brings, power being the essence of the only kind of manhood he is willing to accept† ( 97). Walter’s manhood depends upon the authority and influence money would entitle him to, and without that he considers himself a failure. Thus, he has built up the American Dream to such an unattainable point that he lives his life constantly unsatisfied. Through hard work and determination, Gatsby exceeds the expectations of affluence while Walter falls short of wealth, leaving him feel betrayed by the American promise. From romantic relationships to friendships, love is critical to the fulfilment of the American Dream. 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Slavery in the North Failed Because of Its Economic Structure

Introduction: Slavery was a disgraceful part of our history for many years. Its start grew from a need for a labor source in the new and growing America. The Southern economy thrived from slave labor whereas the North did not rely on the labor of slaves. This paper will prove that slavery failed in the North because in the North there was no need for large labor to support the economic structure compared to the South where slavery was needed to support their economy. There are three main points that will be used to support this. They are; Northern industry and Southern industry were very different, the slave population was smaller in the North because of the different economy in the North, and the smaller slave population and less†¦show more content†¦African Americans in the North could live a much more productive life than in the South whether they were free or slaves and the slave population was not as important and not a necessity because the number of immigrants in the North was much larger in the North. Slaves were found primarily in the South but there was slavery in the North. The overall population was 2-3 percent but in Boston and Newport, 20-25 percent of the population was slave labor. The enslaved were not needed as agricultural workers. Instead, many of the slaves held other positions such as domestic servants, artisans, crafts men, sailors, dockworkers, laundresses and coachmen (Rosenzweig, n.d.) . Fredrick Douglas escaped from slavery and moved north. While he was in the North, Fredrick wrote: The fifth day after my arrival, I put on the clothes of a common laborer, and went upon the wharves in search of work. On my way down Union Street I saw a large pile of coal in front of the house of Rev. Ephraim Peabody, the Unitarian minister. I went to the kitchen door and asked the privilege of bringing in and putting away this coal. What will you charge? said the lady. I will leave that to you, madam. You may put it away, she said. I was not long in accomplishing the job, when the dear lady put into my hand two silver half-dollars. To understand the emotion which swelled my heart as I clasped this money, realizing that I had no master whoShow MoreRelatedWhy the compromises from 1846~1861 failed to prevent the Civil War1133 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the north and the south temporarily but not to solve it. The foundational problems, like the the slavery itself, the differences in social structure and economic system and the expansion of slavery, were left. The increasing strugg le between the abolitionists and slave owners and between the newly formed Republican Party and the Democratic Party kept putting those questions in front of the US people. The compromises themselves failed to satisfy the wants of both sides, enraged the north and frightenedRead MoreSouthern Slavery And Its Impact On American Society986 Words   |  4 Pages During early 19th century, the entrenchment of Southern slavery, there was discussion between planters who benefitted from it and abolitionists who fought against it. Most Americans, especially those in Southern states, understood that slavery system could not help parting from their economic and social system. Southern slavery system brought big economical benefits. However, it negatively influenced American society as a whole rather that positively. Southern economy wasRead More History of The American Civil War Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War The Civil War was a brutal war between the North and South of America over the issue of slavery, which was spurred on by the secession of the southern states from the Union of a America. At the time slavery was one of the main issues in America that caused a disagreement between the north and south and these disagreements about humanity and slaves added to the tension that would finally lead to the out break of war. Slavery was almost totally abolished in the northern states afterRead MoreCivil War1284 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems he faced during the war was the need to stop slavery. He believed that the problem of slavery would split the Union. Therefore, his main agenda was to save the Union from collapsing instead of freeing the slaves. Jefferson Davis acted as an American soldier and the president of Confederate States of America in the period of the civil war. 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Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes Free Essays

PROSTITUTION Prostitution is defined as the act, practice or profession of offering the body for sexual relations for money. (New Webster’s Dictionary 1995:802). The Encyclopedia Americana (1997) defined prostitution as â€Å"the performance of sexual acts with another person in return for the payment of a fee. We will write a custom essay sample on Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Child prostitution is therefore, prostitution embarked upon by children who are below the age of 18 and are supposed to be catered for by their parents. It is commonly acknowledged that acts of prostitution are performed by women for men nevertheless occasions arise when the acts are done by men for men. The context of this work deals particularly with female child prostitution. UNICEF considers child prostitutes as young girls in sex trade, who are between the age bracket of 8 and 16. (Jubilee Action Report 1995). In the Nigerian milieu, prostitutes below the age of 18 are regarded as child prostitutes, since only persons above 18 years of age are statutorily regarded as adults. Child prostitution is the â€Å"sexual exploitation of girls and teenagers† (Awake February 8, 2003:6). Available data show that approximately 1. 5million children in India, 1 million in Asia, 100,00 children in United States and 500 children in Latin America are engaged in prostitution (Healy, 1995:35). Awake (February 8,2003:2) reported,â€Å"there were about 300,000 child prostitutes on the streets, in another land where drug trafficking flourishes†. According to Jubilee Action report (1995:10), up to 1 million female children join prostitution each year around the globe. However, the clandestine nature of child prostitution makes it impossible to calculate the exact number of working prostitutes, nonetheless the International Labour Organization (ILO) analysis (1993-1994), estimates that between 0. 25% and 1. 5% of the total female population are engaged in this trade. Globally, child prostitution is illegal and it is also regarded as a barbarous crime, yet it persists. Why? Child prostitution does not just happen. It is caused by a variety of factors some are perpetrated by the prostitutes themselves, while other factors are external to the prostitutes themselves. This is really a growing problem in developed world and developing world like Nigeria (Quintanilla, 1997:20). CAUSES OF CHILD PROSTITUTION IN Owerri Municipal Council 1. Misery and POVERTY: Poverty is the most common reason why most families sell the services of their female children to augment their income in order to buy food or clothes and other necessities of life. (Janssen, 2001:10). The case of child labour is a typical factor that exposes children to prostitution. The hired female children are sent out to hawk food items on the streets, motor parks, and mechanic garages thereby exposing them to rapes as well as sexual harassment s. Barnes H. C. (1959:95) observed that some females take to prostitution due to sheer destitution. Awake (February 8,2003:5) reported that some street children resort to prostitution because they see it as their only means of survival. The Awake further related an experience of a mother of 14-year-old girl who lured her daughter into this ignominious trade. The woman said about her daughter, â€Å"she was beautiful and that men would like her very much. Besides, she would earn a lot of money. † In the evenings, the woman takes her daughter to a motel where they make contacts. The mother stays nearby to receive the payments. Each night, this girl has sex with three or four men. 2. UNEMPLOYMENT: Unemployment of either the parents or the child results in unreliable source of income thereby forcing children into prostitution as an alternative means of income to support the family. Ironically, the International Labour Organization observes that a child’s ability to earn money is limited. It is estimated that the money earned by the child only contributes to approximately 10% of the family’s overall income and therefore has minimal effect on the family’s monetary gain (Dimenstein, 1994:12). Due to high degree of unemployment, the brothels employ some female children who serve in their drinking spots to promote their business. 3. HUMANS TRAFFICKING: Human trafficking is another evil leading to child prostitution. Human trafficking which represent the world’s third largest criminal activity following only after drug and weapons trafficking is sometimes purported to send teenagers to other countries to work. These would-be workers who sometimes end up prostitutes actually â€Å"work† and repatriate money to their respective home countries (Awake, February 8, 2003: 5). Many times, hard times hit these fellows as they are deported to come and continue this profession at home. Some of the female prostitutes come home to take some younger females to their places either to help them or to make them their servants and at the long run they get converted to prostitution, which is their boss’ profession. 4. DECEPTION ENCOURAGES PROSTITUTION: Pimps or brothel owners deceive some parents by paying them money and assuring to enlist their children in their â€Å"domestic services†, which later turns to be prostitution. These brothel owners who are termed the girl’s â€Å"owners† take control of the child’s’ activities. Moreover, these owners do everything possible to retain these girls who earn money for them to maintain their lavish lifestyle (Robinson, 2001:50) and (Dimenstein 1994:10). Apart from the pimps, other intermediaries who benefit from child prostitution do anything possible to see the act continued. Most females are led into this act of prostitution by their masters. Some of them could be anaesthetized by their masters in order to have fun with them and when eventually the woman of the house gets to know about the act she will be thrown out side to continue the act with other men including the master. 5. DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY ENVIRONMENT PROMOTES PROSTITUTION: Children of broken homes sleep wherever they see space to do so in the day, and go to the disco and nightclubs in the night. Ekejiuba I. K. (1996:13) discovered that ill treatment of children at home might make them to take to the street in order to find solace. Then the end result may be the hawking of their body to support themselves. 6 POOR EDUCATION: Some children cannot support themselves materially in view of low educational training they received, so they resort to prostitution as their only profession (Rodriguez- Garcia, 1999:55). Girl-child Education Initiative In Africa (January 2003:20) highlights the effect of poor education in the whole of Africa. In connection with poor education, peer pressure, bad association The causes and effects of child prostitution in Owerri Municipal Council and street ganging contribute to child prostitution. Identifiably, a girl may end up as a prostitute by her association, peer pressure and by running with a street gang (Okebugwu, 1989:25); Adetore, (1974:60); Oti (1984:15); and Daily Times ( May 15,1999:12). 7. AIDS SCARE PROMOTES CHILD PROSTITUTION: The high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS make customers of prostitutes to look for children who are considered to be of low risk, and most probably virgins (Robinson, 2001:13). Patrons of child prostitutes are willing to pay a great deal of money to be a girl’s first client. In the streets, brothels and drinking spots these days a lot of female children are being employed to help lure more male customers to their spots. Places like Amaram by Tetlow Road and some places in Onyeche Street in Owerri have a high number of female child prostitutes who are employed only to facilitate their business. This is because there is the fear that other older female prostitutes in the same profession could have various STDs. 8. DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION ARE PRO-CHILD PROSTITUTION The influence of drugs can subject a child to prostitution and to certain indignifying acts of prostitution which she may otherwise never agree to given her sound mind (Lewis 1980:70); and Udechi (1987:15). 9. REBELLION AND FEELING OF INDEPENDENCE This is another factor promoting child prostitutions. Some girls are shamelessly bold. What is more, they feel that the body is theirs thus they should decide what to do with their body. (Bennet, G and Robert, P. 1985:207). 10. PORNOGRAPHY AGGRAVATES CHILD PROSTITUTION: Pornography also puts viewers at increased risk for developing sexually deviant tendencies. Awake July 22, 2003:7). Pornography is identified as promoting â€Å"the rape myth† which is a belief that women cause and enjoy rape. Additionally, the repeated use of pornography interferes with the ability to enjoy and participate in normal marital intimacy. Dr. Victor Cline, who specializes in treating sex addiction claims that â€Å"deviant sexual acts results† when a viewer tries to act out the pornography-based fantasies. 11. Incestuous violation and rape in homes as a factor: Some youths were raped in their own homes, which act changed their outlook in life. Some of such ones give vent to prostitution. Two other closely related causes of prostitution are glamor associated with it and insatiable sexual urges in some females. Blag(1976:68) observed that some prostitutes take to this lifestyle because of their innate desire for glamour or that they want to maintain a standard of life, which is impossible by ordinary means of earning, a life reminiscent of Greek aether. On the other hand, Ekejiuba(1996:14) identified other females, nymphomaniacs, who engage in prostitution for the sake of â€Å"fun† or pleasure they derive from it. 2 SUDDEN EXPOSURE: Furthermore, illicit love affairs in the presence of children may subject them to early prostitution. Some parents perform extra marital affairs in the presence of their wards. This exposes the children to early sex life. The premature death of one or both of the parents has also been discovered as one of the causes of child prostitution. Because of the chasm created by such loss, a teena ge girl may be fraught with the onerous task of catering for herself and other family members. More importantly, no one may exist to give stern guideline on her. One Owerri girl who returned from Kumasi Ghana claimed that her father died when she was eight years. This demise of his father left her with the responsibility of catering for her younger siblings and her mother who hails from Kumasi, Ghana. These challenges make her to dabble into prostitution. Child prostitution is not without its consequences, some of which are seemingly pardonable, whereas others are taboo at mere mention of them. High patronage of child prostitutes by wealthy men is another factor that has caused and sustained child prostitution ( Ekejiuba 1996: 13). Some teenage girls find it difficult to resist the temptation of prostitution because of huge sum of money they receive there-from. This accounts for why some IMSU, Alvan and FUTO ladies readily avail themselves for this business. Marxist oriented scholars see prostitution as an outgrowth of capitalism. Many of these see the gradual removal of subsidy from petroleum, which is the main balance of Nigerian economy as exposing many persons to difficulty and leading to sexual promiscuity. How to cite Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes, Essay examples

Brave New World by Adlous Huxley Essay Example For Students

Brave New World by Adlous Huxley Essay In the past 100 years, the world has completely turned around. The technological and computer revolutions have completely changed the way the world works. Henry Ford revolutionized factorial production through the creation of the assembly line. It increased efficiency and a basic standard of conformity among products, therefore making the company a lot more successful. The rest of the industry creating a nation-wide revolution based on efficiency adopted this new innovation. Following the innovation of the assembly line, a new era of development came into existence. In the 1970s, computers were first introduced. Although they were as large as a room and could only play tic tac toe, they were the start of the technological revolution that made our society what it is today. Hundreds, if not thousands, of new inventions were thought of each year, creating new jobs and a new way of life. Records and files previously kept in file cabinets are now all computerized. Every persons life is computerized: identification, police reports, ones house and work. Almost every person has a computer, whether it is used for fun, school, Internet connection, graphic arts, or music. Computers have revolutionized our lives, whether that is a good or bad thing is the question. Do we create and control the computers, or have our own inventions taken such a hold on our lives, that they now control us? Aldous Huxley uses Henry Ford as the basis for an omni powerful leader who enforces the new values of efficiency through a totalitarian and mind-controlling government; subsequently, Huxley creates Brave New World to warn us of the effect that technology will have on our lives in the future.In one aspect, Ford is depicted as the leader of a totalitarian government centralized on creating constant happiness through stability. There are three main ways that Ford, or the government, creates stability in the society: predestination and a caste system, brainwashing (commonly through hypnopaedia), and soma. It is the belief that happiness causes stability, and stability causes efficiency. People like their jobs and are happy with their social status due to their chemical conditioning and the constant implementing of subconscious ideas. Since people are happy with their jobs and position in society, they are not compelled to rebel or challenge authority; stability. On the central hatchery and conditioning center in London is the World States motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY,(Huxley 3). Community is the value of this society that everything is for the greater good, and not for the individual. It can be questioned what is meant of identity here. A possibility is that Huxley is mocking the lack of individuality among society. It also may refer to the identity that the Brave New World has as a whole, rejecting the identity of individuals. Through the predestination of people, Stability is achieved, alas the word stability on the building: We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings,(13). Not only are individuals programmed for a certain job and social position, the idea of conformity is taken to an extreme. Bokanovskys Process is a method in which one embryo divides many times, creating dozens of basically the same person: Bokanovskys Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!(7), the Director explains to a group of students. Birth is no longer a human event; all babies are raised in tubes instead of in a womb. There is no suspense in how the baby will turn out; it is genetically engineered to be perfect, Standard men and women; in uniform batches,(7). By controlling all births, the government is able to regulate the population to stabilize the population at this momentPodsnaps Technique could make sure of at least a hundred and fifty mature eggs within two years,(8). .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .postImageUrl , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:hover , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:visited , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:active { border:0!important; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:active , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Student Athletes Essay The name podsnap gives the impression of a machine (like a pod on a spaceship). It also gives the impression of conformity (two peas in a pod) and family. Because these people do not have parents or siblings, the closest equivalent to kin are your twins. The creation of a caste system, and the submission of the population to it, allows the government to create an efficient society. This caste system is kept

18-year-olds Going OTR Are They Ready Are You

18-year-olds Going OTR Are They Ready Are You The demands on the trucking industry are increasing every year- many companies are running at full capacity with daily shipments in need of experienced, licensed CDLs to pull their weight.  Might the 18-20 year old set offer the potential to fulfill urgent delivery schedules? While most states require drivers to be 21 to acquire their commercial driver’s licenses, some do allow 18-20 year olds to take regional trucking jobs. But they can’t cross state lines, and there’s a frustrating lag between graduating from high school, getting your CDL, and being eligible to take most jobs in the industry. Many young drivers move on to careers that are more readily available, which means the industry is missing out.An Argument AgainstOne of the best tools for handling stressful job situations is maturity and experience- a teenager fresh out of high school probably hasn’t had to bounce back from so much as a fender-bender. Trucking requires the utmost professionalism and responsibility. Most teenagers make inadequate interns, but should we really trust them on the road?Brain Development in Progress: Both a Pro and a ConMaybe their reflexes are slightly sharper and they need less sleep, but the human brain continues to develop until age 25! Teens have underdeveloped frontal lobe, which is where impulse control, memory, attention, and consciousness are stored. On the flip side, they have a great capacity for learning, and by the time they’ve grown into full maturity as drivers, their skills will be ingrained.Plan for the FutureWhile executives, dispatchers, and company owners may feel its in their best interests to get young drivers on the road as soon as possible, in the interests of safety and performance, more training measures should  be developed before it becomes a viable industry-wide goal. Innovations like semi-automated trucking might help alleviate the risks of less-experienced young drivers (or benefit from their likely life-l ong fluency with new technology), and  ride-along training programs may help get the younger workforce up to speed faster and safer.

Gettysburg1 essays

Gettysburg1 essays There is a lot of controversy as to why the U.S. Civil War started. Historians believe it was merely a difference in the two cultures. The U.S. Civil War was mainly started because of a difference in these two cultures. The South had an agricultural economy, and the North had a manufacturing economy. Because of such different ideals, both areas were fighting for different reasons. The North was fighting to abolish slavery, while the South was fighting to sustain slavery. The Battle of Gettysburg was a very important battle during the Civil War. The Confederate General, Robert E. Lee had proven to be invincible after his victories at Chancellorsville and Fredricksberg, and was finally defeated at Gettysburg. The Battle of Gettysburg turned the tide of the war permanently against the South. On July 1, 1863 shots were fired outside Gettysburg that marked the beginning of what would become one of the largest and most significant battle in the world. After a Confederate victory at Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee divided his army into three different corps. Corp I was under the command of General James Longstreet, Corp II under General R.S. Ewell, and Corp III under General A.P. Hill. Before he decided to move North, Lee sent one of his Generals, Jeb Stuart into Union territory to get information on the Union army. Knowing it was a risky task; Stuart proceeded as Lees eyes and ears. Jeb Stuart was sent to invade was sent to take the front and right flank of Ewell's army, but as he was completing his orders, he did not notice that General Meads army was marching straight at him with about 82,000. Without any hesitation, Lee decided to push north in order to invade Pennsylvania from Maryland, threatening the Union capital, Washington DC. General A.P. Hills corp were in bad conditions, most soldiers did not have any shoes, and so decided to invaded Gettysburg with the purpose of getting sh...

Accounting for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting for Decision Making - Essay Example These two important measures of profitability show that the company has made remarkable progress over the nest quarter signifying increased efficiency and effectiveness. However, this is not the case. The statements prepared under the contribution margin rules show that the contribution margin has not improved between the two quarters. The statement prepared implied the company has contribution margin of 52% in the both the quarters, as seen in figure 5, implying that there has no increase in efficiency of controlling variable costs. Therefore, the profit net profit margin under the contribution margin statement remains 14% in both quarters. The increase in the net income under the absorption id due to the allocation of the fixed costs over a greater number of units produced. Mr. Rozen has increased the production levels from 25,000 units to 50,000 units. This has reduced the allocation of fixed costs from $24 in first quarter to $12 in second quarter. Thus the cost of goods sold has decreased by $300,000 which has increased the gross margins and the net margin. Can you make any suggestions for reporting in the future? Absorption approach is construc tive for external reporting. It does not provide the competitors with too much information which they can use to their advantage such as the product cost, the material costs, the labor costs and others. Similarly, this approach considers the costs to the finished inventory as an asset on a balance sheet until it is sold. Therefore, this helps the company to improve its metrics for external stakeholders. Likewise, the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP, requires the publicly held companies to prepare their statements under the absorption approach. (Taylor, 2010) However, for internal users and decision-making, contribution margin approach to income statement is quite useful. Variable costing allows the internal users to understand the product cost of unit which will allow them to decrease variances between actual and budgeted amounts. This helps in controlling costs and overall profitability of the company. With this approach, the managers can make better decisions in a fluctuation sales environment and helps them to accurate the cost of productions for future periods. Likewise, this approach helps to observe an impact of each and every product on the overall profitability of the company. Some products are better absorbers of fixed costs and increase the earnings of the company. Therefore, an adequate decision can be made regarding the discontinuation of product which will least affect the earnings. (Scott, 2012) Do you think Mr. Rosen should be seriously considered for the CEO position? Why or why not? Mr. Rozen has based his decision to increase the production on inadequate information. He has not pondered hard over the impact of his decision on the company’s operations and profitability. With the increase in production, Mr. Rozen only allowed for a better allocation of the fixed costs over a larger quantity of units. This only allowed for the costs to be temporarily seen as assts on the balance sheet in the form of inventory. However, M r. Rozen must understand that the huge amount of inventory that has been created will need to managed and properly maintained over the nest quarter for the sales in future. This will increase inventory handling costs and storage costs that will have

Fantastic Voyage Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fantastic Voyage - Term Paper Example Finally we will describe the exchange of oxygen with the delicate alveolar and the pathway used in inspiration and expiration. Body The femoral vein travels from the inside of the right leg, parallel to the femoral artery, upwards towards the center of the body. The femoral vein is a larger vein which receives blood from the popliteal, the great saphenous vein and the femoris (Femoral†¦). The femoral vein first comes into the external iliac vein and from there flows into the common iliac vein and into the inferior vena cava. The iliac veins form the common iliac at the small of the back around the fifth lumbar vertebra. It is the function of the vena cava to carry blood from the lower portion of the body directly to the heart (Inferior†¦). The vena cava empties into the right atrium, the lower right back side of the heart. The blood arrives into the right atrium un-oxygenated and is a darker color due to the lack of oxygen. The vena cava are the two largest veins in the bod y and the inferior runs alongside and behind the abdominal cavity and where the vena cava meets the right atrium is a valve known as the Eustachian valve. Though the Eustachian valve remains its primary functions are in the developing fetus, where it helps to direct blood flow through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. Once breathing begins this is no longer necessary and the foramen ovale closes and the amount of blood flow between the left and right atrium is limited. The vena cava are responsible for collecting blood from lumbar veins, hepatic veins, gonadal veins, renal veins and the phrenic veins (Cardiovascular†¦). All of this blood is un-oxygenated. Blood then flows through the tricuspid valve and is pumped into the right ventricle. Cardiac muscle provides rhythmic regular contractions to keep the blood flowing smoothly. After passing through the pulmonary valve the blood enters the pulmonary trunk (Right†¦). The contraction of the myocardium causes pressure wh ich forces the blood into the pulmonary truck where there is a left and right division. The trunk has a pulmonary semilunar valve that opens during contraction and closes when the muscle relaxes, thus preventing the blood from flowing back into the ventricular chamber. The right pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lower right lung. Within the right lower lung there are three lobes whereas the left lung has two lobes. Structures within the right lung include lateral, anterior, posterior, dorsal and medial bronchus (Chest†¦). A bronchial tree contains these bronchus and alveoli on these branches resemble grapes. Alveoli are thin membrane air sacs within the lung and the bronchial tree is the passage way through which air is passed in inspiration and expiration. Surfactants within the alveoli keep them from collapsing during exhalation and they remain slightly open. Without this surfactant the thin sacs would close in and stick to each other as air passes in and out of them and they inflate and deflate. The passageways into the lungs are lined with epithelia and cilia whose primary function is to move debris and foreign particles from out of the lungs. These provide the first line of defense within the lungs. Dendritic cells are scattered throughout the lungs and increase when there is an inflammatory response. These cells are antigen presenting cells that contain lysosomes and endosomes with three separate functions; antigen presentation and activation of T cells, inducing and maintaining immune tolerance, and maintaining immune memory with B cells (Wieder). These dendritic cells are the only cell that is able to activate naive T cells and lay dormant until there are pathogens or

Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley | Alienation

Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley | Alienation In the story of Frankenstein, Victor, a scientific genius, created a monster known as Frankenstein. He abandons the monster as soon as he creates it. Frankenstein, the monster, experienced bad parenting growing up. No one ever taught him any manners at all. In this story, Victor and Frankenstein are both alienated by society for different reasons. The monster is rejected by society because of his terrifying physical appearance and his reactions towards people. Victor experienced alienation his entire life, when he was a child and family due to his scientific obsession. Therefore, in Frankenstein, Mary Shelley used the theme of alienation by having the two main characters, Victor and Frankenstein, alienated by society because people judged the monster based on his physical appearance and his reactions. While, Victor isolated himself from society due to his scientific experiments. Therefore, people alienated him because they thought of him as a very strange scientific maniac. As I previously mentioned, the monster was judged based on his physical appearance. As soon as everyone saw him they would start screaming in horror or run away. The monsters hideous appearance including his eight-foot long body caused people to react this way. This caused the monster to feel rage towards others. The monster would then groan in anger towards individuals. One day Frankenstein finally got to see himself in the mirror. And got surprised. Then he realized why people were so terrified by his physical appearance. This is all Victor fault because if Victor had not created him or messed up during his experiment the monster would of never have had to suffer because of this. The monsters reactions toward people also played a major role in why he was alienated. Whenever he saw how people reacted to him, he would go crazy. He would groan in a very frightening way. The monster reacted this way because of tow reason. First of all, he was rejected un fairly by society. Secondly, he felt very angry towards society. When the monster first came to life, he first saw Victor. Victor looked at him and got really scared. Then he decided to abandon the monster . The monster was raised with basically no parenting at all. He wasnt taught how to be polite or even how to act towards people. This is why the creature had no social skills at all. If the monster would have been raised with good parenting he would have been more of a human because he would of at least known how to act when others were around. The monster then began to feel confused because people didnt want to be around him. What caused him to be confused was that he had no idea why people reacted this way. He wanted to be loved. Unlike his creator he did not isolate himself from society. The monsters first experience with humans is when he meets the villagers. They threw stones at him, which aggravated him. The next experience the creature experienced was with the Dclacey family. This was the first time the monster actually wanted to be part of a certain family. The creature decided to hide because of his previous experience with humans. He was well aware that humans disliked him. As the monster was hiding, he observed the language in which they communicated, he believed it was like a godlike science, which would help him become more a human because if he could communicate like one that was a head start.. The monster continued to observe everything this family did for some time. The monster tried his best to be liked by society but failed. This made the monster come to the conclusion that he would never be accepted by humans. The creature demanded Victor to create a female companion for him. As Victor was working on this he gave up. He decided that he was no longer going to create a companion for the monster. This got the monster very angry. He got revenge by killing Elizabeth, Victors wife. As I have already stated, Victor Frankenstein also experienced alienation throughout this story. He experienced alienation from both his family and society. In Frankenstein, Victor is described as a man whos in love with science. He spent much of his time creating a monster. However, he wasnt aware of the consequences this would bring him. At the end of this story he spent much of his time trying to destroy this monster. As he tried to destroy the monster he isolated himself from society. He would always go to his lab and try to come up with other scientific creations. He regretted ever creating the monster because the monster caused him a lot of trouble. People then thought of him as some crazy scientific genius. Victors scientific views alienated him from all his surroundings. He had a very keen interest in since ever since he was a child. Him being so different from the rest of the family is what got them to alienate him. He just seemed so different and strange from the rest. As Victor was growing up, he became even more obsessed with science. This is what caused him to come up with all his crazy experiments and ideas. He decided to isolate himself from society and spend most of his time at his libratory , where he would mix all different types of chemicals and try to create new inventions. He lived his entire life this way. He had no regrets about any of this until he had created Frankenstein. That was when he had finally realized that he should of stopped all of his scientific experiments and call it quits. The monster got him more frightened then what he had ever been. As I previously mentioned, Victor refused to create a companion for Frankenstein. His reason for this was because he was afraid of making another huge mistake and having to face the consequences for his actions. However, the monster did not understand this and seeked revenge on his own creator by killing his wife Elizabeth. After the death of Elizabeth, Victor became even more scared of the monster because now he knew for a fact that the monster was capable of murdering others in order to get what he wants. Through out this story, both the creature and the creator suffer a lot because of alienation. Victor isolated himself from society. While the monster was alienated by the rest. The monster suffered more than Victor because he truly wanted to be loved. Victor just isolated himself due to obsession with scientific experimenting. The monster, on the other hand, tried his best to be part of society, but he failed and never was. Work Cited Alienation in Frankensteinhttp://ltu.se/ copyright of website 1971,1997 Themes and Construction: Frankenstein http://find.galegroup.com/ Shelly, Mary Frankenstein published by Lackington, Hughes on 1818 Abigail Williams: Friend or Foe? Abigail Williams: Friend or Foe? Abigail Williams, a villain, is manipulative and strong willed but her weaknesses of deception and desire fuel her jealousy of Elizabeth Proctor. To some she was a close companion, her and her small entourage of sneaky young girls, stir up a lot of problems with the small but well known settlement. Back to 1692 the mischievous girls all started with a devious plot to rid elizabeth proctor from the town, abigails hatred for the mistress was enough to put the whole town on the map for witchcraft. Maybe her intentions werent as evil as they see me, but maybe they were, at first the girls and titichuba gathered in the forest for just innocent encounters maybe just to make the boy of there dreams fall for them. Abigail quickly turned to selfishness, having john proctor wouldnt be enough for her, the 17 year old girls twisted intentions were out to kill. In my opinion she definitely is the brains behind this group of attention seeking, sportin girls. She can take everything to extensive drama just to prove silly falsehoods, Most definitely a very skilled actress. Abigail williams would do anything possible to keep her name out of the equation, she definitely did not want to be the root of the trouble, selfish yes, but im sure some could argue that she just wanted to keep her and her friends out of trouble, they were aware of their punishments, maybe being whipped and spanked. In abigails eyes peoples lives were not important she was only concerned about her image. Soon after the story beings you get to see her true colors. Betty one of the youngest turns cold and ill. Abigail has no compassion for even her own so called friend. The witty girl does not care as she threatens her, she is only worried about how much trouble she is going to be in because of bettys actions, even though she is definitely the cause of all the mischievous behavior . Shut up! All of you. We danced. That is all, and mark this, if anyone breathe a word or the edge of a word about the other things, I will come to you in the black of some terrible night, and I will bring with me a pointy reckoning that will shudder you! And you know I can do it. I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine. And I have seen some reddish work done at night. And I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! One of my favorite abigail williams quotes, even though this is just a little preview of how cruel she can be. The girls intentions become pure, she is doi ng all of this out of despite of john proctor. To her all the townspeoples lives are just part of a big game. The character struggles to make to right decisions and think about others very self conceited. As the story continues the truths unravel and you see the real side of the girls most just devious abigail. The very famous story of the witches in salem massachusetts because more and more popular by the year. As it is all started with the girls cruel scheme to ruin the life of john proctors beloved wife, and mother to two young boys. Abbi was very envious of elizabeth because she had what she always wanted. In the end, abbi lost and so did elizabeth. John Proctor does not make it to the end of this tragic story, if only abigail would have done whatever she could in her power, because she really did have too much power for such a young girl, maybe she would have saved the poor farmer and his family. Elizabeth quickly moves on and re marries,she was a good wife and to me didnt deserve all the drama john had put her through. She lives happily ever after, unfortunately so does abigail and all her young friends. Im sure never have a remorse and sorrowful bone in her body. Over all you can tell this young girl should have never had any sort of authority in a courtroom, her evil games and cruel ways, cost a towns reputation, and her own in my opinion. By the end of the story you see that she was just the talk of the town with her affair with john proctor she was not shunned or put to shame for it though. Even a couple years later only one of all the girls choose to apologize.

Cialis

1. Why was Viagra so successful? Viagra’s success was due to: * Viagra was the first orally taken drug that addressed ED. Other alternatives that had already existed in the market were: penile implants, vacuum pumps , ED injection and urethra suppository, none of them were really user friendly. * Viagra was the first affordable solution for ED, its retail price was $10/dose, whereas Caverject injection cost $25/dose, vacuum pumps $300 to $500, and the most expensive, penile implants ranged from $12,000 to $18,000. Pfizer employed advertising which reached out to all men. They featured celebrities in their ads, such as Bob Dole, Raphael Palmiero, Mark Martin. Seeing these celebrities publically confess to having ED, made men feel more comfortable in acknowledging their own ED issues and communicating it to their physicians. * Unlike injections, Viagra could be taken everyday. * Some people saw recreational usage to Viagra. * Viagra was approved by Medicaid in 11 states. * There was a huge market for ED drugs. In 1996 the number of ED prompted doctor visits was at the all time high of 1. 3 million visits. 2. Draw a perceptual map that summarizes the positioning strategies adopted by Viagra, Levitra and Cialis and evaluate those strategies. Viagra’s positioning strategy: Pfizer first started out by featuring older celebrities, like Bob Dole, trying to capture attention of their target market. Statistics showed that over 50% of Viagra’s customers were men over 50. Later, Pfizer changed its strategy and started featuring young celebrities, such as a baseball player, NASCAR driver. They wanted to show that even â€Å"manly mans† could have a problem and they also wanted to put out a message that Viagra is not only for older men but for men of all ages, who might even only have a slight problem. Basically, their message to men was â€Å"you’re not too young for Viagra†. I think this was the right move on Pfizer’s side since it expand their target market to men of all ages, at the same time maybe draw out men who didn’t feel comfortable with the subject. Levitra’s positioning strategy: Bayer and Glaxo positioned Levitra as a way of enhancing the sexual experience. It was not about the number of times a man could have sex, it was all about quality. They also wanted to educate the public about ED and about their solution to it. Their reps spent 50% more time talking to doctors about Levitra than Pfizer’s did about Viagra. This was a good positioning strategy for Bayer and Glaxo. With Levitra, coming to market after Viagra, they had to differentiate themselves somehow. And doing this from a quality angle, I believe they hit the right note with a lot of men. Cialis’ positioning strategy: Lilly Icos, after doing several years of research and seeing both, Viagra and Levitra’s performance in the market, decided to position Cialis as a stress-free, more spontaneous, fitting into an every-day lifestyle type of a solution to ED. Men didn’t have to feel stressed to perform because of the time constraints. They can live their normal lives, with Cialis kind of in the background. I believe it’s a really good strategy, given the characteristics of Cialis. People with ED want to put their problem out of their mind and not think about it. And Cialis would be the perfect solution – there’s no pressure to perform, they can have sex at their own convenience. No major changes would need to be made to their lives. 3. How can the product attributes of Cialis be translated into a successful positioning platform for the product’s launch? Cialis differentiated itself from the rest of the available ED treatments in the following ways: * Cialis took faster effect than Viagra and remained effective longer than Viagra (around 36 hours and the effect kicked in only when needed). This was a huge plus on Cialis’ side since it was so flexible. It had effect even after eating fatty foods. It could also be taken by patients who had high blood pressure, and it could be taken along with alpha blockers. The bottom line – it accommodated most everyone under most every circumstance. * Cialis had less physical side effects than its competitors, Viagra and Levitra. Outlined below are some of the different way s Lilly Icos could have positioned Cialis: * To men of any age and of any physical condition with any level of ED severity. * To men who love their routines and don’t want to change them. Emphasize on the fact that men’s partners don’t even have to know that they’re taking drugs for their condition. This might especially be important to men who start dating a new person; they might not want their partner to know about their condition, at least maybe not right away. * Can be taken before/after any type of activity: work, sports, romantic dinner out. * Can be taken by men of many different lifestyles (busy professionals, busy parents, retired, etc. ) * End benefit is that anyone with any sort of ED dysfunction can feel problem-free again! It works for any man, anywhere, anytime! Cialis They have DEED problems- which lead to feeling personal embarrassment; Question their role In their relationships; Sense of unfairness to their female partners; trained relationships; Self-identity problems; questioning role in all contexts of life; questioning place in the world. Where? From a local drugstore; directly from a Doctor; from a mail order drugstore; Not usual drug store; another party getting it; in other countries. How? They intake prescription to engage in intimacy with sexual partner. SOOT Analysis Strengths: 1 Eli Lily and CICS is a great source for product team.Eli Lilly have plenty experience to bring drugs to the market. CICS have strong technical competence with proven trench in clinical result. 2 Compared to Vicarage, Scalia can last up to 36 hours, unaffected by meals, rare visual Irregularities etc. 3 Good operationally and financially positioned to enter the market. Weakness: 1 Low compound Annual Growth Rates (CARR) In Germany (3. 6%) and France (14. 8%) Mu ch lower value than comparable countries such as the US. This may lead to low return in these markets. Brayer's likely positioning as a â€Å"niche† drug treating diabetes along with DEED, limits the strategies that Lilly CICS LLC can explore ND employ. 3 CICS have no marketing competence to date. How much control will they realistically have marketing decisions given their lack of experience? Will their lack of marketing competence slowdown elements of the launch/ complicate processes? Opportunity 1 . Promoting to couples (both married and living together) in a combined campaign. 2. The high dropout rates of Vicarage after first year offers potential targeting for Lilly CICS LLC.Threats: 1 . Little evidence of market research conducted in Brazil, Canada, Mexico and Australia. 2. Competitive reaction of Pfizer could prohibit Lilly CICS LLC Clans† compete with the advertising â€Å"blitz† that Pfizer have exercised? Marketing strategy suggestion Price Since Scalia is going to face to face compete with Vicarage, we highly recommend it launch at the same price with Vicarage. It is easy for customer to accept a safer and longer-lasting DEED drug at the original price. Distribution Channels & Management 1.Wholesalers: Lilly CICS LLC are in charge of manufacturing the drug, at which point they distribute he drug to wholesalers. Given the unattractiveness of the channel for wholesalers and the low margin that is obtained, a 5%increase may give Lilly CICS LLC more influence over the terms of the arrangement. This would also encourage the wholesaler to distribute more extensively and effortlessness more favorable terms such as buying back stock unsold. 2. Patients: Directly sell drugs to the patients who have DEED problem via doctors would be a very good way to reach target consumer. . Website: Sell drugs on Physician website or Patients and partner website. Promotion 1. Free sampling: Since Scalia is the direct competitor of Vicarage, send free sam pling to Vicarage user would be a very good way to reach target consumer. 2. Advertisement in hospital Scalia is a safer and longer-lasting DEED medicine, patient in hospital can get more advice from doctors after they saw the advertisement. 3. Website advertisement Physician website or Patients and partner website would be a very good way to add exposure of the new product. Cialis 1. Why was Viagra so successful? Viagra’s success was due to: * Viagra was the first orally taken drug that addressed ED. Other alternatives that had already existed in the market were: penile implants, vacuum pumps , ED injection and urethra suppository, none of them were really user friendly. * Viagra was the first affordable solution for ED, its retail price was $10/dose, whereas Caverject injection cost $25/dose, vacuum pumps $300 to $500, and the most expensive, penile implants ranged from $12,000 to $18,000. Pfizer employed advertising which reached out to all men. They featured celebrities in their ads, such as Bob Dole, Raphael Palmiero, Mark Martin. Seeing these celebrities publically confess to having ED, made men feel more comfortable in acknowledging their own ED issues and communicating it to their physicians. * Unlike injections, Viagra could be taken everyday. * Some people saw recreational usage to Viagra. * Viagra was approved by Medicaid in 11 states. * There was a huge market for ED drugs. In 1996 the number of ED prompted doctor visits was at the all time high of 1. 3 million visits. 2. Draw a perceptual map that summarizes the positioning strategies adopted by Viagra, Levitra and Cialis and evaluate those strategies. Viagra’s positioning strategy: Pfizer first started out by featuring older celebrities, like Bob Dole, trying to capture attention of their target market. Statistics showed that over 50% of Viagra’s customers were men over 50. Later, Pfizer changed its strategy and started featuring young celebrities, such as a baseball player, NASCAR driver. They wanted to show that even â€Å"manly mans† could have a problem and they also wanted to put out a message that Viagra is not only for older men but for men of all ages, who might even only have a slight problem. Basically, their message to men was â€Å"you’re not too young for Viagra†. I think this was the right move on Pfizer’s side since it expand their target market to men of all ages, at the same time maybe draw out men who didn’t feel comfortable with the subject. Levitra’s positioning strategy: Bayer and Glaxo positioned Levitra as a way of enhancing the sexual experience. It was not about the number of times a man could have sex, it was all about quality. They also wanted to educate the public about ED and about their solution to it. Their reps spent 50% more time talking to doctors about Levitra than Pfizer’s did about Viagra. This was a good positioning strategy for Bayer and Glaxo. With Levitra, coming to market after Viagra, they had to differentiate themselves somehow. And doing this from a quality angle, I believe they hit the right note with a lot of men. Cialis’ positioning strategy: Lilly Icos, after doing several years of research and seeing both, Viagra and Levitra’s performance in the market, decided to position Cialis as a stress-free, more spontaneous, fitting into an every-day lifestyle type of a solution to ED. Men didn’t have to feel stressed to perform because of the time constraints. They can live their normal lives, with Cialis kind of in the background. I believe it’s a really good strategy, given the characteristics of Cialis. People with ED want to put their problem out of their mind and not think about it. And Cialis would be the perfect solution – there’s no pressure to perform, they can have sex at their own convenience. No major changes would need to be made to their lives. 3. How can the product attributes of Cialis be translated into a successful positioning platform for the product’s launch? Cialis differentiated itself from the rest of the available ED treatments in the following ways: * Cialis took faster effect than Viagra and remained effective longer than Viagra (around 36 hours and the effect kicked in only when needed). This was a huge plus on Cialis’ side since it was so flexible. It had effect even after eating fatty foods. It could also be taken by patients who had high blood pressure, and it could be taken along with alpha blockers. The bottom line – it accommodated most everyone under most every circumstance. * Cialis had less physical side effects than its competitors, Viagra and Levitra. Outlined below are some of the different way s Lilly Icos could have positioned Cialis: * To men of any age and of any physical condition with any level of ED severity. * To men who love their routines and don’t want to change them. Emphasize on the fact that men’s partners don’t even have to know that they’re taking drugs for their condition. This might especially be important to men who start dating a new person; they might not want their partner to know about their condition, at least maybe not right away. * Can be taken before/after any type of activity: work, sports, romantic dinner out. * Can be taken by men of many different lifestyles (busy professionals, busy parents, retired, etc. ) * End benefit is that anyone with any sort of ED dysfunction can feel problem-free again! It works for any man, anywhere, anytime!